While initial surveys of the cosmic background radiation showed as consistent and smooth, Dr. Smoot reported in 1992 that data from a satellite experiment called the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), revealed a pattern of minuscule temperature variations.
It is thought these tiny irregularities or fluctuations are what formed the first stars, planets, solar systems, and galaxies.
The author states that it is a good thing the Universe was not perfectly smooth. "Without those lumps there would be no us."
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